Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure within your blood vessels is too high (measured as 140/90 mmHg or higher). It is a common condition, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. Here are the key points about hypertension:

1. Prevalence and Awareness:
   • An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
   • Shockingly, 46% of adults with hypertension are unaware that they have the condition.
   • Only 42% of adults with hypertension are diagnosed and treated, and approximately 1 in 5 have their blood pressure under control.
2. Risk Factors:
   • Age, genetics, and being overweight or obese increase the risk of hypertension.
   • Other factors include physical inactivity, high-salt diet, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Symptoms:
   • Most people with hypertension don’t feel any symptoms.
   • Very high blood pressure (usually 180/120 or higher) can cause symptoms like severe headaches, chest pain, and blurred vision.
4. Complications:
   • Untreated hypertension can lead to conditions such as kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke.
   • Other complications include fluid buildup in the lungs, vision loss, and memory problems.
5. Prevention and Management:
   • Lifestyle changes play a crucial role:
     • Healthy diet: Reduce salt intake, eat more fruits and vegetables, and limit saturated fats.
     • Physical activity: Regular exercise helps lower blood pressure.
     • Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of hypertension.
   • Medications: Some individuals may need to take blood pressure medications.
   • Regular blood pressure checks are essential for early detection.

Remember, knowing your numbers and making positive changes can help prevent or manage high blood pressure. If you experience symptoms or suspect hypertension, seek medical care promptly.