Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure within your blood vessels is too high (measured as 140/90 mmHg or higher). It is a common condition, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. Here are the key points about hypertension:
- Prevalence and Awareness:
- An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
- Shockingly, 46% of adults with hypertension are unaware that they have the condition.
- Only 42% of adults with hypertension are diagnosed and treated, and approximately 1 in 5 have their blood pressure under control.
- Risk Factors:
- Age, genetics, and being overweight or obese increase the risk of hypertension.
- Other factors include physical inactivity, high-salt diet, and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Symptoms:
- Most people with hypertension don’t feel any symptoms.
- Very high blood pressure (usually 180/120 or higher) can cause symptoms like severe headaches, chest pain, and blurred vision.
- Complications:
- Untreated hypertension can lead to conditions such as kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke.
- Other complications include fluid buildup in the lungs, vision loss, and memory problems.
- Prevention and Management:
- Lifestyle changes play a crucial role:
- Healthy diet: Reduce salt intake, eat more fruits and vegetables, and limit saturated fats.
- Physical activity: Regular exercise helps lower blood pressure.
- Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of hypertension.
- Medications: Some individuals may need to take blood pressure medications.
- Regular blood pressure checks are essential for early detection.
- Lifestyle changes play a crucial role:
Remember, knowing your numbers and making positive changes can help prevent or manage high blood pressure. If you experience symptoms or suspect hypertension, seek medical care promptly.
