Testicular cancer is a condition where abnormal cells begin to grow in the testicles. These testicles, also known as testes, are located in the scrotum. Testicular cancer is relatively rare, but it can occur at any age, with the highest incidence between 15 and 45 years old.

Here are some key points about testicular cancer:

1. Symptoms:
   • The first sign of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in one of the testicles.
   • Other symptoms include:
     • A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
     • A dull ache in the lower belly or groin.
     • Sudden swelling in the scrotum.
     • Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum.
     • Enlargement or tenderness of breast tissue (a rare symptom).
   • Usually, testicular cancer affects only one testicle.
2. Causes:
   • The exact cause of most testicular cancers is unclear.
   • It starts when changes occur in the DNA of testicle cells, leading them to grow and multiply rapidly.
   • These cancer cells continue to live when healthy cells would naturally die, resulting in the formation of a mass called a tumor.
   • Over time, the tumor can extend beyond the testicle, and some cells may break away and spread to other parts of the body.
   • Most testicular cancers begin in the germ cells, which are responsible for sperm production.
3. Risk Factors:
   • Factors that may increase the risk of testicular cancer include:
     • Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development.
4. Treatment:
   • Testicular cancer is highly treatable, even when it has spread to other parts of the body.
   • Common treatments include surgery and chemotherapy.

If you experience any symptoms lasting longer than two weeks, such as pain, swelling, or lumps in your testicles or groin area, seek medical attention promptly. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Remember, you’re not alone—there’s support available for those dealing with testicular cancer.